BiOS (Biological Open Source) is a legally enforceable framework to enable the sharing of the capability to use patented and non-patented technology, which may include materials and methods, within a dynamically expanding group of those who all agree to the same principles of responsible sharing, a “protected commons”.  Those who join a BiOS "concordance" agree not to assert IP rights against each others's use of the technology to do research, or to develop products either for profit or for public good.  BiOS-compatible agreements can support both freedom to operate, and freedom to cooperate.